Architectural features and indoor evacuation wayfinding: The starting point matters

Effective indoor wayfinding in the event of an emergency is key to guaranteeing safe and timely evacuation. However, despite increasing number evacuation studies, only a limited focus on influence architectural elements. Through virtual reality experiment, we create link between human factors design by exploring interior wall transparency, starting points, landmarks. Our findings show that transparency impacts when combined with visibility at route staircases ramps are most significant landmarks wayfinding. These differ from previous studies primarily emphasize overall building. Additionally, cases more complex scenarios low conditions, necessitates greater features. enhance understanding designs as complex, multi-leveled systems numerous distinct features evoke set structural relationships situations.